![]() Functional Speech Sound Disordersįunctional speech sound disorders include those related to the motor production of speech sounds and those related to the linguistic aspects of speech production. Organic speech sound disorders include those resulting from motor/neurological disorders (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria), structural abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip/palate and other structural deficits or anomalies), and sensory/perceptual disorders (e.g., hearing loss). Functional speech sound disorders are idiopathic-they have no known cause. Organic speech sound disorders result from an underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual cause. ![]() Speech sound disorders can be organic or functional in nature. ![]() Speech sound disorders is an umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments-including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sound sequences in a language. A Practice Portal page on dysarthria in children will be developed in the future. See ASHA's Practice Portal pages on Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Cleft Lip and Palate for information about speech sound problems associated with these two disorders. Information about speech sound problems related to motor/neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, and sensory/perceptual disorders (e.g., hearing loss) is not addressed in this page. The scope of this page is speech sound disorders with no known cause-historically called articulation and phonological disorders-in preschool and school-age children (ages 3–21). See the Speech Sound Disorders Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic.
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